What is premature ovarian failure?
Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is a condition where the ovaries stop functioning properly before age 40. This results in menopause-like symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and irregular or absent menstrual cycles.
Some key points about POF:
- It affects roughly 1% of women under age 40, and 1 in 10 women under 30 with amenorrhea (lack of periods).
- The exact causes are often unknown, but can include autoimmune disorders, genetics, previous cancer treatment, or infections.
- POF diagnosis is made based on hormone levels (FSH above 40 mIU/mL) and at least 4 months of amenorrhea before age 40.
- The main risk is infertility due to low egg supply and ovulation issues. However, pregnancy is still possible in 5-10% of women with POF.
- Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen and progestin can help relieve menopausal symptoms and protect bone health, but will not restore fertility.
What are the key takeaways about POF?
- Strikes 1% of women under 40 with irregular/absent periods and menopause symptoms
- Caused by autoimmune disorders, genetics, cancer treatment, infections
- Diagnosed by high FSH and amenorrhea before age 40
- Poses high infertility risk but pregnancy still possible for some
- Estrogen/progestin therapy relieves symptoms and protects bones
- Emotional support and connections with others can help cope
- Seeking specialized care, like that offered by Hormone Health Center, is advised